12 Types of Questions in Casablanca

To illustrate the various ways that questions can be framed in English, here are 12 memorable exchanges from the classic film Casablanca. In Casablanca, at the beginning of the flashback scene in Paris, Humphrey Bogart pops open a bottle of champagne and then immediately pops a few questions to Ingrid Bergman: Rick: Who are you really? And what were you before? What did you do and what did you think? Huh?Ilsa: We said no questions. Despite that pledge, the dialogue in Casablanca is full of questions — some of them answered, many of them not. With apologies to the screenwriters (Julius Epstein, Philip Epstein, Howard Koch, and Casey Robinson), Ive plucked 12 of these exchanges out of context to illustrate the various ways that questions can be framed in English. To learn more about any of these interrogative strategies, follow the links to our Glossary of Grammatical and Rhetorical Terms. Wh- QuestionsAs the name suggests, a wh- question is one thats formed with an interrogative word (what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, or how) and that allows an open-ended answer — something other than yes or no.Annina: Msieur Rick, what kind of man is Captain Renault?Rick: Oh, hes just like any other man, only more so.Annina: No, I mean, is he trustworthy? Is his word . . .Rick: Now, just a minute. Who told you to ask me that?Annina: He did. Captain Renault did.Rick: I thought so. Wheres your husband?Annina: At the roulette table, trying to win enough for our exit visa. Of course, hes losing.Rick: How long have you been married?Annina: Eight weeks. . . .Yes-No QuestionsAnother aptly named interrogative construction, the yes-no question invites the listener to choose between only two possible answers.Laszlo: Ilsa, I . . .Ilsa: Yes?Laszlo: When I was in the concentration camp, were you lonely in Paris?Ilsa: Yes, Victor, I was.Laszlo: I know how it is to be lonely. Is there anything you wish to tell me?Ilsa: No, Victor, there isnt.Declarative QuestionsAs Rick demonstrates, a declarative question is a yes-no question that has the form of a declarative sentence but is spoken with rising intonation at the end.Ilsa: Richard, I had to see you.Rick: You use Richard again? Were back in Paris.Ilsa: Please.Rick: Your unexpected visit isnt connected by any chance with the letters of transit? It seems as long as I have those letters Ill never be lonely.Tag QuestionsA tag question (like Ricks wouldnt it?) is a question thats added to a declarative sentence, usually at the end, to engage the listener, verify that something has been understood, or confirm that an action has taken place.Rick: Louis, Ill make a deal with you. Instead of this petty charge you have against him, you can get something really big, something that would chuck him in a concentration camp for years. That would be quite a feather in your cap, wouldnt it?Renault: It certainly would. Ger many . . . Vichy would be grateful.Alternative QuestionsAn alternative question (which typically ends with a falling intonation) offers the listener a closed choice between two answers.Ilsa: After Major Strassers warning tonight, I am frightened.Laszlo: To tell you the truth, I am frightened, too. Shall I remain here in our hotel room hiding, or shall I carry on the best I can?Ilsa: Whatever Id say, youd carry on.Echo QuestionsAn echo question (such as Ilsas Occupied France?) is a type of direct question that repeats part or all of something which someone else has just said.Ilsa: This morning you implied that it was not safe for him to leave Casablanca.Strasser: That is also true, except for one destination, to return to occupied France.Ilsa: Occupied France?Strasser: Uh huh. Under a safe conduct from me.Embedded QuestionsTypically introduced by a phrase such as Could you tell me . . ., Do you know . . ., or (as in this example) I wonder . . ., an embedded question is a question tha t shows up inside a declarative statement or another question.Laszlo: Msieur Blaine, I wonder if I could talk to you?Rick: Go ahead.WhimperativesA blend of whimper and imperative, the term whimperative refers to the conversational convention of casting an imperative statement in question form to convey a request without causing offense.Ilsa: Will you ask the piano player to come over here, please?Waiter: Very well, Mademoiselle.Leading QuestionsIn courtroom dramas, attorneys usually object if the opposing counsel asks a leading question-- a question that contains (or at least implies) its own answer. In this example, Laszlo is actually interpreting Ricks motives, not questioning them.Laszlo: Isnt it strange that you always happened to be fighting on the side of the underdog?Rick: Yes. I found that a very expensive hobby.HypophoraHere, both Rick and Laszlo employ the rhetorical strategy of hypophora, by which a speaker raises a question and then immediately answers it himself.Laszlo: If we stop fighting our enemies, the world will die.Rick: What of it? Then itll be out of its misery.Laszlo: You know how you sound, Msieur Blaine? Like a man whos trying to convince himself of something he doesnt believe in his heart. Each of us has a destiny, for good or for evil.Rhetorical QuestionsA rhetorical question is one thats asked merely for effect with no answer expected. Presumably the answer is obvious.Ilsa: I know how you feel about me, but Im asking you to put your feelings aside for something more important.Rick: Do I have to hear again what a great man your husband is? What an important cause hes fighting for?Commoration In an effort to shake Rick out of his grim mood, Sam employs another rhetorical strategy, emphasizing an idea (in this case, a whimperative) by repeating it several times in different ways. Sam: Boss. Boss! Rick: Yeah? Sam: Boss, aint you going to bed? Rick: Not right now. Sam: Aint you planning on going to bed in the near future? Rick: No. Sam: You ever going to bed? Rick: No. Sam: Well, I aint sleepy either. At this point, if we were in class, I might ask if anyone had any questions. But Ive learned a lesson from Captain Renault: Serves me right for asking a direct question. The subject is closed. Heres looking at you, kids.

Causes of Obesity in America Essay examples - 922 Words

Obesity is becoming one of the biggest problems in the country, but there has to be reasons for it. It can be the economy, society now, or people and companies. It’s time that our country starts to realize that we can’t live like this anymore. We need to see what is causing the sudden rise in obesity, and what we can do to fix it. Education of risks and solutions can be very helpful. Obesity is killing so many people, yet is still 100 percent avoidable. Our country is beginning to care less and really let themselves go. The fast food industry, supermarkets, and schools are the ones at fault for the spreading problem of obesity. To start exercising this issue we need to see what available options there are to turn this around. We have to†¦show more content†¦Are these said companies and schools starting to overlook some money and worry more about the peoples health with the actions and campaigns? A prime example of these actions is the governor of new york banning enormous drink sizes in 7-11, (Ghorayshi, 10). Looking at all of the actions that companies and politicians are taking are we seeing them as annoying or life saving? Maybe these actions are just too over the top and that is why they are perceived as annoying and unnecessary. Thinking that way maybe its little things that places like schools and supermarkets can do that will make the biggest difference in the whole situation. The placement of the food and even the name of the food is a way to trick peoples minds into getting better options. If we place the healthier food items in the front of lines and stores people tend to be more drawn to them, because they will get them first and studies have shown that depending on what you first get you will end up basing everything else that you get around those first few items that you get. So by placing health food in the front of stores or say buffets people will be more likely to choose the rest of their food based on that first grab, (Wansink,6). Looking at how society has developed since around the 90s and how life is changing in general we get mixed messages about obesityShow MoreRelatedCauses Of Obesity In America1030 Words   |  5 PagesObesity is a big problem in the United States today. According to Harvard Womens Health Watch, â€Å"33% of American adults are obese, compared with 15% in the late 1970s. More than 60% of women are overweight or obese†. When it comes to losing weight, many people devotedly believe in the 80/20 rule, which is what and how a person eats is 80% of the effort in losing weight. This is somewhat disconcerting if these people live in America because of the obesity epidemic currently going on, which is causedRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Obesity In America870 Words   |  4 PagesThe Centers of Disease Control and Prevention defines obesity as having a BMI over 30 (CDC). In the year 2000, roughly 30 percent of 20 year olds in America were obese. By 2003 that number had risen to 32 perc ent. That is a small window of increase. From the 1970s to the early 2000s, the percent of obese Americans doubled. This means that in 1970, only 15 percent of Americans were obese, and in the thirty years following, obesity took a sharp rise. In 1960, 13 percent of Americans were obese. TheRead MoreDoes Advertising Unhealthy Food to Children in America Cause Obesity?2106 Words   |  9 PagesDoes Advertising Unhealthy Food to Children in America Cause Obesity? 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What you will see is what has apparently become the new trend among children and adults. What you will see has become a big problem and it will continue to grow each year. Is obesity the fastest growing condition in the United States. Read MoreObesity And The American Health Care System914 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is an epidemic that is putting uncomfortable strains on the American health care system. With just under two-thirds of the American adult population being overweight or obese, a lot of time and effort has gone into uncovering the causes of this rise in the weights of American citizens. Several theories have been developed to help solve the mystery of America’s rising size. Obesity cannot be traced back to a single factor, but rather many aspects have contributed to the rise of obesity in

Who Is Jesus The Messiah - 1478 Words

Who Is Jesus Jesus came to fulfill the prophecy of the Old Testament. Many people did believe he was the Messiah, the one their ancestors waited for. Over the course of his life and ministry people started to become deceived and then believed he was not the One they were waiting for. The Pharisees had too much influence on how the people thought. That is proof that people can be easily lead astray if they do not know the Scriptures. In Matthew 16:13-20, Jesus is asking his disciples who the people say he is, as well as, asking the disciples who they say he is. Simon Peter had it right. Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God, the High Priest, the atonement for our sins. Jesus is truth. â€Å"You are a king, then!† said Pilate. Jesus†¦show more content†¦Just like in the ancient days, some people are confused and really do not know who he is. They have no desire to study and see if he is The Son of God as well as, The Savior of the world. Jesus is the teacher, not only telling us how to live but being our example (Matthew 5, 6 and 7). â€Å"The fact that all of the Old Testament prophecy concerning the Messiah and His first coming has come true with such detail brings clarity to the issue of what is going to happen in the future. For there are prophecies concerning the Messiah that still await fulfillment. The biggest lesson for us to learn here is that God keeps His promises and just as the prophecies concerning the coming Messiah have been fulfilled in Christ Jesus first coming, so the rest of the messianic prophecies will be fulfilled in the second coming† (All about truth, 2002-2017). He did not come to abolish the law of the Old Testament but to fulfill it. He brings the grace we need to be able to be try to uphold the law. The law was given to show the need for a savior, considering if you break one law, you break them all, â€Å"For whoever keeps the whole law and yet stumbles at just one point is guilty of breaking all of it† (James 2:10). I love that our gracious Father God knew we needed Jesus. Jesus had compassion on people, especially the people who knew they needed help. It is astonishing to me that the Pharisees knew the scriptures so well and totally missed who Jesus was. I liked howShow MoreRelatedThe Was The Messiah A Little Differently Than Jesus1320 Words   |  6 Pagespictured the Messiah a little differently than Jesus. Some Jews could have missed Jesus if you had picture painted of what you thought the Messiah would be like, you might end up passing them by. the Jews had already made up their minds of who the Messiah was going to be, therefore, they missed who He actually was, along with the message that He brought. 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Scholars on this subject have tried to search the truth among the Scriptures, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and other canonic books. One thing that it is found in common is the coming of a messiah, a chosen man by God who will change theRead MoreSecure Under Roman Rule, Sadducees were Influential in Judaism1433 Words   |  6 Pagesnot believe in fate (Evans 100; Wenham and Walton 42). Furthermore, according to Josephus, the Sadducees â€Å"were far more open to the pleasures of life, were harsh in their judgments against those who broke the law†¦[and] did not believe in heaven or hell† (Evans 105). Thus, the Sadducees were seen as people who did not treat anyone fairly, nor treat each other justly. The Essenes were another large group within Judaism. 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Hosanna in the highest!†(Matthew 21:9). Jesus was the Messiah. He arrived with a plan to build the Kingdom of God. He would change the world but were the Jews ready for what Jesus had to offer? As the Jews lined the entrance

Social Relevance Report Caffeine Essay - 1787 Words

Social Relevance Report Chemistry TOPIC: CAFFEINE CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-2 1.1 What is caffeine? 1.2 Social Significance 1.3 Overview 2.0 CHEMICAL BACKGROUND 3-5 2.1 Chemical Properties of Caffeine 2.2 Physical Properties of Caffeine 2.3 How Caffeine Works in the Human Body 3.0 SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE 6-9 3.1 How caffeine affects the society? 3.1.1 Health 3.1.2 Caffeine Addiction and Withdrawal 4.0 CONCLUSION 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 11 1.0 INTRODUCTION Figure 1.1 Coffee Beans (Clip Art, 2010) 1.1 What is caffeine? Caffeine is a white crystalline xanthine alkaloid (refer to Figure 1.2), a psychoactive stimulant drug which has a bitter taste. In 1819,†¦show more content†¦The report also includes how caffeine affects our society in terms of health, caffeine addiction, caffeine withdrawal and future actions to handle this very popular drug. 2.0 CHEMICAL BACKGROUND 2.1 Chemical Properties of Caffeine Figure 1.2 Chemical Structure of Caffeine The chemical formula of caffeine is C8H10N4O2 and its systematic or chemical name is 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine or 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione. Other names for caffeine are coffeine, theine, mateine, guaranine, or methyltheobromine (Helmenstine, 2010). As caffeine are alkaloids, compounds that naturally contain basic nitrogen atoms. Caffeine is a mild diuretic, meaning it increases the production of urine when consumed. This psychoactive drug is acts as stimulant. In humans, caffeine stimulates the central nervous system, heart rate, and respiration processes. It also has psychotropic (mood altering) properties (Helmenstine, 2010). 2.2 Physical Properties of Caffeine Pure caffeine is odourless, white in colour, looks like fleecy masses, glistening needles or powder and has a bitter taste. Table 1.1 Physical properties of caffeine Physical property Values/ Measurements Boiling point 178  °C (sublimes) Melting point 238  °C Density 1.2 g/cm ³ Volatility 0.5% Vapour pressure 101 kPa at 178  °C pH value 6.9 (1% solution) Solubility in water 2.17% Vapour density 6.7 g/m ³ Molecular weightShow MoreRelatedThe General Search Engine Architecture1137 Words   |  5 Pagesco-owned domains. Cassandra also came down hard on hidden text and hidden links. Brandy- From February 2004 Google rolled out a variety of changes, including a massive index expansion, Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), increased attention to anchor text relevance, and the concept of link neighborhoods. 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38 Assisted Suicides Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

38 Assisted Suicides Essay, Research Paper The Washington Post 38 Assisted Suicides September 2-8, 1996 Picture yourself in this state of affairs. You go to the physician for a everyday physical. You expression mulct. You feel good. All those wash uping exercises at the gym are eventually get downing to pay off and you really stuck to that low fat, high vitamin diet you # 8217 ; rheniums physician recommended. You have neer felt better. You are basically the prototype of a healthy, fit human being. Then, out of nowhere, you are diagnosed with a upset of the nervous system accompanied by chronic weariness syndrome. The unwellness is lasting and there is no remedy. It will merely come on and decline with clip, and all you can make is wait. What would you make? If you were 42-year-old Judith Curren, a nurse and female parent of two little kids, you # 8217 ; vitamin D be in close contact with the ill-famed self-destruction assessor, Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on 38 Assisted Suicides Essay Research Paper The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jack Kevorkian, a.k.a. # 8220 ; Doctor Death, # 8221 ; discoursing your # 8220 ; options. # 8221 ; However, harmonizing to an column published in The Washington Post, entitled # 8220 ; 38 Assisted Suicides, # 8221 ; many people believe that when it comes to affairs such as life and decease, there are no options. The determination to populate or dice is made by God. Judith Curren didn # 8217 ; t agree. With the aid of Dr. Kevorkian, she died and the retired diagnostician presided at his 38th aided self-destruction, reasonably confident that he will non be prosecuted or even suffer public disapproval. Many of the people who have sought out Dr. Kevorkian have been awfully sick and agony, with no hope of long-run endurance. Their narratives offered illustrations that built public understanding for this cause. But from the beginning, even among perceivers who believe that the urgently ill should be given aid to decease, there have been questionable instances. For illustration, a adult female in her 1950ss allegedly enduring from early Alzheimer # 8217 ; s disease was fit plenty to play tennis with her grownup boy shortly before deceasing. Another- said to hold had a painful, progressive illness-was found T o be free of disease by the county medical tester. The article argued this point, # 8220 ; Is it in any manner merciful, compassionate, or # 8216 ; mending # 8217 ; ( a favourite word of Kevorkian fans ) to help in the self-destruction of a middle-aged adult female who is tired and depressed and married to a adult male whom she late accused of assailing her and who so delivers her to Dr. Kevorkian? Pain is governable. Depression and weariness can be ameliorated by drugs. Violent hubbies can be prosecuted and divorced. Suicide in such a instance is unreasonable. A physician # 8217 ; s aid in that class is unconscionable. # 8221 ; I had assorted feelings on this column because I take into consideration both sides of the statement. On one manus I understand Judith Curren # 8217 ; s determination. I can conceive of what it must experience like to wake up absolutely healthy and hold your whole life in forepart of you, and in the following minute be told you have an incurable disease and that it # 8217 ; s traveling to finally putting to death you. Populating with that idea entirely would be excessively much for me. Here # 8217 ; s a adult female that did everything right. It merely doesn # 8217 ; t seem just that she will neer see her kids turn up, she will non be able to go on her calling in nursing and aid salvage other # 8217 ; s lives, she will non be around when the scientists celebrate happening a remedy for the disease that claimed her life. In many ways, this adult female has suffered plenty. Why prolong the inevitable and possible hurting and agony that will intensify with clip? As do-gooders, we should privation to set this adult female out of her wretchedness. But fortuitously or unluckily, there is another side to us. One that wants to be strong and keep on for merely a small spot longer. One who believes they will be the first cured when scientific discipline makes another medical discovery. A side that wants to raise it # 8217 ; s kids alternatively of watching over them. I believe, for most people, this stronger, more powerful side will suppress decease and reinstate hope. After all, life is the most valuable gift we have, and at that place shouldn # 8217 ; t be any two sides to that.

Global Fast Fashion Analysis Of Clothing Retailer & Its Competitor

Question: Analyse the an international fast fashion clothing retailer and its competitor. Answer: Introduction The main objective of this study is to draw out the comparison between the two companies. The two companies that have been undertaken in this study is HM and Uniqlo as they have achieved their success through numerous business strategies and how they have managed to influenced each other. The project despite having an economic approach aspires to highlight the customers value proposition in the retail-clothing sector. The project gives a basic overview regarding the basic concepts behind the comparative study of both companies, which operates in the fast fashion to facilitate the understanding of the customers and the prevailing market competition. In addition to this the study draws out the comparison in terms of their commercial profile by analysing and confronting them based on global marketing strategies which lead them to success on international stage (Grace and Lo Iacono 2015). Consumer perceived value proposition for HM: Perception is regarded as key for every business. The perceived value of consumer is regarding a brand is what the marketers demand in order to compel a customer to buy a product. This is how a product is justified weather it is a premium product or not. If the consumer perceive that their dedication is towards the quality as brands which luxury have dissipated (Wong and Yazdanifard 2014). Several marketers and sales teams have mastered the art of dangling the designer clothing brand over the consumers with average purchasing power. Several marketers have undertaken the strategy of implementing high price in order to keep the value of brand and consumer perception of middle class families to purchase their product. Benefit of shopping at fast fashion cloths Sacrifices of visiting supermarkets Convenience a. Wide selection of products which goes beyond the scope of fashion b. Large number of retail outlets located centrally c. Ease of access for both pedestrians and vehicles Monetary a. Cost involved in purchase of retail cloths b. Cost involved for the customers to travel to the retail outlets Monetary a. Affordable prices b. Rewarding schemes c. Points scoring vouchers Efforts a. Time involved by a customer to travel stores b. The time a consumer consumes to purchase a product Quality a. Items which are standardised and backed by the consumer regulation standards b. Large brands which offers certain degree of quality and trust Social a. Social esteem associated with large brand names b. Self esteem from purchasing higher quality of goods Health a. Stress arsing due to overcrowding in retail outlets as result of this consumers are unable to purchase products Opportunities a. The lack of opportunity to buy high quality goods. Table 1 (Consumer perceived value proposition) Source (Grace and Lo Iacono 2015. pp.560-570.) Intrinsic vs Extrinsic value: Extrinsic Intrinsic Active a. Wide range of products available for selection b. Large number of outlets are located centrally c. Offers service 24x7 d. Online shopping includes door to door delivery through the use of smart phone application e. Offering ease of access a. Offers the flexibility of purchasing luxurious and branded clothes. b. Offering recreational opportunities in stores such as serving coffee and some sort of refreshments. Reactive a. Products are under the regulation of consumer standard. b. Established brand names facilitate certain level of quality and trust among the consumers (Zimmerma 2012) a. Neat and clean outlets b. Easy and simple to follow the outlays of stores (Gallarza et al 2016). c. Attractive display of products to attract consumers. Other orientations a. Enhancement of customers self esteem through high quality goods. a. Preserving the ecological surrounding through the use of environmentally friendly bags b. Establishing a community support schemes. Table 2 (Intrinsic value vs. Extrinsic value) Source (Zimmerman, M.J., 2012. Intrinsic vs. extrinsic value) Target market: HM has expanded exponentially during the last decade from a small family business to a global sensation rivalling the giants like Uniqlo, which is one the retail apparel fast fashion industry. HM target market is very broad since they do not define the target market by segmenting the ages and lifestyle as traditional retailers do. HM generally targets the youth and educated mass of people who prefers fashions, as they are sensitive to fashion. It is noteworthy to denote that in the present era where technology acts as a communication to several devices which has more access to information regarding the fashion (Parry et al 2012). Henceforth, fashion it is recognised as more internationally standardised and HM uses this to their benefit by offering the latest trends in apparel. It is to be believed that around 80-85% of the fashion apparels which company offers are of relative high fashioned products. The study highlights that the international strategy adopted by HM is excellent since it has adopted the balanced approach to mix the standardisation and customisation. Customer value= perceived benefits perceived sacrifice: HM looks up the customers value proposition in the form of gain, which defines the acquisition of the product and services (Jewell et al 2013). On the other hand, it must out weight the pain of acquisition, which is cost of difficulties while obtaining the item, service and uncertainty regarding making the right choice and cost of making the wrong decision. HM identifies the certain numbers of customers value proposition based on value parameters: HM aims to meet and exceed customers expectations, which is not based on price. HM being a leader in the retail fashion industry offers a quality environment, which enables the customers, feel valued and comfortable. HM being a leader in the fashion sector also provides customers with the service, which exceeds beyond its competitors. As a company, HM needs to match up with the customers values and beliefs by reflecting the same on their products through the advertising and sales promotion which surrounds it. Sheth Models of customers perceived value: Sheth identified the five dimensional concept of customers perceived value, which was based on the value of social, emotional, functional, epistemic and conditional. The functional value is understood as the perceived usefulness of the service offered by the HM to its customers., HM provides emotional value, which is based on the feelings of effective states being generated by the customers consumption experience. The social value is given by the acceptability based on the individual level and the relations with the social environment. Epistemic value gives the ability of the service to generate the curiosity in order to satisfy the desire for the knowledge. The conditional value is related to the situational factors such as the disease or the specific social situations. Sheth models defines that HM which is a retail brand can be compared with the rival brand to alleviate boredom with the Uniqlo which aims to satisfy the desire to learn and feel something new in relation to the response to such aroused interest (McColl-Kennedy et al 2013). Due to this cognitive-affected and multi-dimensional nature of customers perceived value, it is mandatory for HM to evaluate the customers perceived value from viewpoint of customers consumption experience. The models defines that the customers based on the experience of value-in-use often create value. While HM can establish and communicate the value proposition, it is the customers, which creates the value using specific value creation having based on dynamic situations. Evaluation of the value proposition of Uniqlo in contrast with HM: Basis of review: HM and Uniqlo is one of the relatively new sub-industry within the greater clothing industry which is characterised by companies competing in the fast fashion industry. A comparative study is performed based on the price, promotion, product and place. Product: Uniqlo primary objective relating to the product is to provide the customers a variety of affordable, innovative and stylish clothing of high quality. To differentiate its products with the rival company HM and remain comparative in the declining industrial trend Uniqlo sells its products in wider array of colours. One such example is socks, which comes in 50 different colours at its Tokyo outlets. On the other hand HM developed another draw for its customers specifically during the colder months made of fabric, which is used for inner layers and has been applied to the products such as leggings. Uniqlo offers a wide range of clothes to its customers during all times of year which ranges in style from casual wear to more fashionable wear of high quality and of many colours (Payne and Frow 2014). A sum of products offered by Uniqlo and HM is listed below Design Several colour variations, simple, adapt to numerous needs, casual to formal Quality Controlled quality, creative fabrics and functions Features Offering wide varieties of products with innovative and affordable price Branding Fashionable, economical, reliability and desirable Table 3 showing sum of products offered by Uniqlo and HM Source (Barnes, L (2013) 45(2-3), pp.182-207) Pricing strategy: In line with the product strategy in foreign markets, a penetrating strategy is used to enter into the retail clothing market. At a lower price point than the competitors, Uniqlo aims to provide its customers high-quality goods at relatively low price. The prices are of certain products are comparatively low for example socks offered by Uniqlo is priced lower than the one provided by HM. The comparative study also defines that t-shirts and button down products-shirts are priced lower by Uniqlo than that of one sold by HM. Hence, it must be noted that the basic objective of Uniqlo is to increase the volume of sales and expands its market share while HM strategies are focussed towards wide distribution and products cost. It is assumed that the cost of operations will gradually decrease for HM as a result of new store outlets which is being opened and with multiple stores sharing inventory and more stocks can be shipped from Asia during any given period of time. Such strategies adopted by Uniqlo can reduce the repeated incurring of product costs and shipping cost will be reduced (London et al 2015).. On the other hand, Uniqlo will also utilise its enhanced levels of branding awareness with the help of continuous advertising and convincing the customers that products offered by Uniqlo is highly desirable in terms of fashioned retailers Promotion: Having experienced a sudden decline in the brand perception of Uniqlo due to the oversaturation in the market and wide array of apparels products introduces by its competitors HM it was noticed that Uniqlo were often taunted as a Unibare. Though it experienced decline in its brand it still had the pride of serving a wide range of assortment and high quality products. Such strategies have been aimed at classier brand image by offering high value perceived to its customers (Kyhnau and Nielsen 2015). Uniqlo has high innovative fabrics, which offers consumers to with wide array of products. Such varieties help in creating consumers awareness and ultimately helps in brand promotion for uniqlo. While on the other hand HM aims to strive and redefine the relationships between the affordability and quality in order to attract wide range of customers and pool together to sought values such as the quality, style and affordability. Place: HM strategizes to establish and expands themselves into the international market which is focussed towards establishing a powerful brand image being centred on the systematic opening of large flagships outlets. On the other hand, Uniqlo aims to open its outlets under the Australian flagships, which it considers as an ideal location for expanding it retail-clothing stores. An identical form of central location will be sought by Uniqlo as their main of transit in Sydney outlets, which will be located in trendy, young shopping neighbourhood, and the store in gold coast will be located in a central and touristic area (Huang and Wang 2012). Value map- Company and competitors position on the value map: Uniqlo is considered as one of the fast fashioned retailers who have outperformed the retail clothing department stores and less nimble speciality stores, which not only creates high profitability but also increases the speed of revenue growth. Uniqlo has the vertical scope and sells apparels for men, womens and children however both the brands put more emphasis on womens clothing. Uniqlo owns much of its productions and retail outlets in comparison to HM but it outsource all of its production. In contrast to this HM has invested largely on the production but study reveals that licensees ran its stores (Grnroos and Voima 2013). Those two competitors are also placed differently in the product space from Inditexs chains. According to the Inditex trends HM is generally perceived as more fashionable than Uniqlo. The survey shows that Uniqlo is more fashionable while HM on the other hand, offers products at lower price. Figure 1 - Value Map of Uniqlo and HM Source: (Grace and Lo Iacono (2015) pp.560-570.) Types of value proposition: Low price: The prices of retail clothes for Uniqlo are affordable so that a customer can buy its products. This is because Uniqlo has better manufacturing and distribution systems than HM as it aims to reduce the operational cost. This serves as an advantage for Uniqlo to create a value proposition as it is easy to attract the consumers and sell them products at relatively lower price. Unique and better products: To execute the value proposition among the customers both Uniqlo and HM, this will cause the customers to consider the product of both the brands, based on superiority of the competition. Such strategies help to establish uniquely batter value proposition so that the buyers are sure of the quality of products being offered by both the retail brands. Offers hassle free customer experience: This value proposition is designed to create hassle free customers experience with the products and services offered by the Uniqlo. This will enable the customer to buy products in order to save time and mental energy. The advantage of this type of value proposition is that the customers just do not think about the products and services offered to them as they simply buy them (Aarikka-Stenroos and Jaakkola 2012). Ownerships of customers results: Uniqlo performs the customers business more better than they could perform as it can been seen that a part of enterprise ensures that the customers are offered what they need meanwhile it also controls the overall controlling cost. Dimension of value proposition: Cost: Customers value perception is generally defined as a customers evaluation of what they get in return for what they give. The cost value proposition is recognised as the perception of customers whether the value created by HM and Uniqlo is worthy enough of the cost paid. The cost paid by the customers can be of monetary terms based on time and effort, which the customers invest in a firms offering. Customer roles: This refers to the in general the customers familiarity during the communications with the seller. Value can be added to relationship along with the magnitude consisting of product, quality, services, delivery performance, suppliers know how and process cost. Such creation of customers value establishes and maintains the customers relationships with the suppliers so that it can obtain hassle-free purchase and consumption mode (Grnroos and Voima 2013). Performance: Uniqlo manufactures open source of software and correlated services, which do not rely entirely on the source of software. They often combine the proprietary and open source of offerings and implements hybrid business models to deliver greater value to consumers. Interpretation of Value Proposition: Uniqlo retail value proposition is mostly centred on low product prices. Nevertheless, several surveys has suggested that currently Uniqlo is not successful even though it offers clothing apparals at low prices. Uniqlo has created a strong brand that is linked with the fashion and top designers such as Cate Moss, Madonna and Stella Macharty as Uniqlo has managed to create something unique. The fact the company is offering products at lower price does not mean that brand has to be a cheap one too. It is regarded that Uniqlo has put in a great amount of effort to build up its brand, which is associated with range of price, which cannot be related with HM (Osterwalder 2012). Uniqlo demonstrates that how a company can build brand even if the organisation is selling the products at comparatively lower cost. Nothing can be considered as only black and white and one can understand that Uniqlo is one of the luxurious brand in most of the countries. On the other hand when other fashion brands like Uniqlo started acquiring market in retail clothing there were rising speculations about how the connections to HM would affect the Uniqlo reputation as high quality brand. At the moment Uniqlo is feeling satisfied with the choice of work together with the one of the bolstering retailers in the fashion industry. Evaluating value proposition: Price: Price can be defined as the sum of expenditures paid by a customer for a product and any associated services that is required by the product. The total cost for high end clothing apparels offered by HM and Uniqlo to support the dedicated fashion trends followed by the customers. The price for a product also includes the price of the services hence, in customers value proposition price is considered as the value of product and not the cost. Customers value proposition is the cost that is not reflected in the price as the cost is reflected in the value experience. Support: As it is mentioned earlier, the customers value proposition emphasis on experiences. Uniqlo initially identifies these experiences when it profiled how a key-targeted set of customers would use the product (Chandler and Lusch 2014). In the evaluation of value proposition process, customer support is necessary between the products offered by Uniqlo would offer them the benefit, which is equivalent to those that are negative users. Features: Human live in world where the products offered by several clothing retailing industry are constantly changing as new features are constantly gets added. Prices gets changed, competitive products are enhanced and new alternatives are introduced. All such elements effect the customers value propositions. Reputation: Evaluation of customer value proposition is based on the reputation or the image of brand. Offering high and better quality products with wide array of assortment Uniqlo proposes to establish a classier brand reputation by offering higher perceived value to its customers (Grace and Lo Iacono 2015). Value proposition: Basis of distinctions HM Uniqlo Price Lower Lower-Middle Quality High Middle-high Fashion High High Age group served For ages ranging from 15-30 For ages ranging from 15-40 Kind of Supply Generally Casual From Casual to Formal Brand reputation Good Under-development Production Out sourced 60% outsourced Table 4 (Value proposition of HM and Uniqlo) Source (Payne and Frow (2014) pp 213-227) Benchmark the two-value proposition: Globally most of the fashion retailers have followed the customer value proposition to keep the new trends and the fashion prevailing all corners of the world. Uniqlo and HM follow the value proposition, which is largely successful, as both the companies understand the importance of customer value proposition. Uniqlo differentiates from HM in order to find and follow latest trends. Uniqlo believes that customers are more cautious regarding the quality and value than lending a rapid response to changing style (Osterwalder et al 2014). On the other hand, HM uses long developmental strategies to test new materials and designs. It creates collaboration with the vendors based on long term strategy. Such strategies is similar to that of car manufactures who spend long period of time in product development in order to create a new product (Kyhnau and Nielsen 2015). Uniqlo recognises the product with style which do not go out of fashion rather easily and discovers a new of creating levels of differentiation with those styles. On the other hand HM aims to build a strategy to the trends and needs of consumer by embracing the rapid change to the consumer tastes and preference. Uniqlo has established a high range of receptive supply chain that facilitates the liberation of fashions as soon as a trend materializes. Uniqlo approach is somewhat more of a hybrid in nature than that of HM models. It serves to combine the commitment to prolonged existence while staying receptive to the latest fashion trends. The study reflects that Uniqlo outsource production to a network from more than 500 suppliers. Uniqlo new value proposition and implementation plan: HM retail value proposition is predominantly centred on low prices of product. However, a number of surveys has suggested that presently HM is not flourishing though it offers clothing apparels at reduced prices. HM has created a muscular brand name that is connected with top designers such as Cate Moss, Madonna and Stella Macharty as HM has managed to create somewhat exclusive. The truth is that the corporation is offering products at reduced price that does not necessarily represents that brand name has to be inexpensive too. Figure 2 model of mission statement Source (Grnroos, C. and Voima, P., 2013. Pp 133-150) It is understood that HM has put in a enormous effort to construct its brand, which is allied with wide range of price, which cannot be associated with the small boutiques. HM demonstrates that how a company can build brand even if the establishment is selling products at reasonably lower cost. Nothing can be painstaking as only black and white as one can understand that HM is one of the lavish brand for the most part of countries. On the other hand, when other fashion brands like Uniqlo started acquiring marketplace in retail clothing there were growing speculations about how the connections to HM would affect the Uniqlo status as high quality brand. At the moment Uniqlo is feeling satisfied with the choice of work together with the one of the bolstering retailers in the fashion industry (Chandler and Lusch 2014). External and internal implementation plan new value proposition: A vigorous and meaningful value proposition is necessary for any industry to effectively engage and establish a connection with the consumers, partners stakeholders and decisively internal workforce by precisely communicating the differences and worthiness of making such purchase (Hollensen 2015). The implementation of external and internal implementation plan of new value proposition is listed below; Figure 3 relationship between internal and external marketing Source (Hollensen 2015) Provides directions: The Value proposition offers directions by identifying the perfect-targeted audience right from the front, rather than understanding and recognising the central needs. This can be contented by the planed solution (Smith et al 2012). A comprehensible value proposition helps in wastage of time and money by offering product and service, which are less relevant to customers. Figure 4 Relationship between internal and external marketing Source (Hollensen 2015) Creates focus: A robust value proposition system offer fundamental initiatives and activates the aspects of business which have the greatest impact on meeting the defined targeted customers needs. Such value proposition helps in delivering excellence for HM. It also outlines what it must deliver to meet and define the audiences needs and create an overall remarkable experience for customers. Figure 5 Perception of problem vs willing to change perception Source (London, N., Pogue, G. and Spinuzzi, C., 2015 99 1-8) Improves customers understanding: Implementing value proposition provides HM with the opportunity to understand how the consumers view products and services. This enables them to talk to customers which breeds misunderstanding or to certain extent alienation. The value proposition identifies the factors that not only make a difference to the targeted audience but also inspects the ways that are meaningful to HM (Kyhnau and Nielsen 2015). Figure 6 relationship between employee and customers satisfaction Source (Hollensen 2015) Conclusion: In a world where retail fashion is fast changing along with the changing buying behaviour of the consumers it is significant that the companies like HM and Uniqlo is well equipped with the flexibility where it is able to adopt to all kinds of changes very quickly but even more it is able to anticipate and predict such changes. As a reason of this both the companies operates in the pull systems and gives emphasis on the customer value proposition. It is precisely evident that both the companies seek to enhance their efficiency and improving the customers satisfactions. 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