Writing dates in essays
Term Paper Topics For Technology Fluency
Sunday, August 23, 2020
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Leadership Theory of Situational Approach Research Paper
Authority Theory of Situational Approach - Research Paper Example ys procedures that gives the chief the abilities to manage a wide scope of individuals consequently making a more representative driven and imaginative association through the degree of direct contact that the director has with the workers at all levels. Situational Leaders modifies their initiative style as indicated by the conduct and level of their representatives. The diverse initiative styles utilized by various pioneers include: Directive, Coaching, Participating and Delegating (Fielder, 1967) Order or Telling initiative methodology is an authority style where the pioneer teaches subordinates on what to do and how to do it. It centers around objective accomplishment and less help. It is utilized for the most part inside the law implementation, fabricating mechanical production systems and Military. It gives a methods for overseeing various gathering of individuals that length a wide scope of experience and development levels. Training or selling is another administration style where the director gives data and bearing. This type of initiative spotlights on objective accomplishment and is steady that is it gives guidelines on how objectives are accomplished and administers it. It is generally utilized in an entry level position circumstance. Partaking initiative then again is an authority style where pioneers center more around connections than bearing. In this style of initiative, the chief works intimately with the group and offers dynamic obligations. It is described by tuning in, adulating, requesting information and giving back subsequently exceptionally strong and low order (Hersey and Blanchard, 1977). It is utilized essentially by corporate pioneers trying to impact the directorate towards building up another strategy. Appointing is likewise another authority style where the supervisor is normally less engaged with choices, the person mentions to the subordinates what should be accomplished and along these lines the person in question can concentrate on the work and accomplishments of subordinates. This style is applied generally to college educators who are given
Friday, August 21, 2020
Canterbury Tales Essay Topics
Canterbury Tales Essay TopicsStudents interested in completing an essay on these classic novels will find that many of the basic information for each story is included in the text. However, as this story group dates back to the middle ages, and has been constantly altered, there are still many inconsistencies and inaccuracies in the text. By addressing these differences and providing students with an informed reading of these works, they will have a better understanding of how each story relates to modern-day American life.Several of the issues raised by the Canterbury Tales are still present in American society today. For example, the presence of lizards in many areas of the United States indicates that an infestation of the prehistoric reptiles occurred here long ago. In addition, the main character in the first 'Canterbury Tales' named Robin Hood murdered his father, took his inheritance, and traveled to England, supposedly with the intention of killing King Richard the Lion-Heart ed. He was pursued by Robin Hood's father, but instead of a duel, Robin Hood killed him with his sickle, suggesting that he has a bad temper and may be a sociopath.Many of the English customs used in the text have also been modified. Common burial customs of the Middle Ages included placing the body of the dead in the ground to rot away and the practice of scattering rose petals to guide evil spirits away from a dwelling, as depicted in one of the stories. The use of the cross to represent witchcraft has been replaced by the more popular use of the devil's horns, as depicted in many of the stories. Similarly, the practices of putting a goat's head on the wall, a practice still used in some regions, has been replaced by the use of a spinning wheel, which was considered to be a symbol of evil.Many of the modern changes and additions to the text in the years since the publication of 'The Canterbury Tales' include mixing and matching between the text, the illustrations, and the names of characters. Most of the additions in the book are from modern names, which often cause the text to read differently than it did originally. Similarly, certain terms have changed in the way they are spelled, such as the word hell in the original tale, which was changed to brimstone. The horse known as Goodge, which is the subject of the third story, was changed to Fatback.When the original manuscripts were published, the books were widely available and could be purchased at a wide variety of outlets. While the originals are difficult to find, copies of the books can be purchased from online retail sources, local bookstores, and universities. Students who wish to complete an essay on these classics may find that the material is even more readily available online. However, as this book group is older than most others, a more limited selection of information is available online.A number of online sources offer classes on the Canterbury Tales. While not every story is taught, many of th e current stories, such as the Christmas Carol, are offered in lecture form, allowing the student to discuss the texts and question their instructors. The need for these materials is significant, as the primary literary source is now viewed as outdated. Additionally, many students who are familiar with the original texts will want to know about the contemporary versions.Students interested in completing an essay on the new versions of the Canterbury Tales may also wish to consult online resources that include both texts. The earliest stories are generally only discussed in a cursory manner, since many of the passages are only present in the modern version. Students can then attempt to trace the various influences on the original tales, along with researching the current editions.Students interested in completing an essay on the modern Canterbury Tales should study the various versions, the various translations, and any sources that reference the different versions of the original. T hey should also research the various translations and seek out more information about the various editions of the modern versions of the story. They should also learn about the impact of the works on modern society, including the misconceptions of its characters, and the historical influences of the stories, especially on the relationships between the characters and their roles in modern society.
Lyndon B. Johnsonââ¬â¢s Policies on Vietnam
Section A: Plan of the InvestigationBoth of the American presidents Kennedy and Johnson assumed fundamental jobs in the Vietnam struggle. Kennedy, supporting the possibility of regulation, submitted the U.S. to help the administration of South Vietnam in the mid 1960s. After his death in 1963, Johnson turned into the following president, however to what degree did he proceed Kennedyââ¬â¢s international strategy concerning Vietnam?This examination will in this way investigate Johnsonââ¬â¢s and Kennedyââ¬â¢s international strategies concerning Vietnam, which will be broke down with references to essential and optional sources that plainly show the international strategies of the two presidents. Be that as it may, more inflection will be put on Johnsonââ¬â¢s impact on Vietnam, and how his organization really decidedâ to act after Kennedyââ¬â¢s death.Additionally, underline will be put on how Johnson incredibly developed the U.S. contribution in Vietnam, in the wake of un derstanding the huge responsibility it would take to win the war. This examination will essentially look at the level of progress in international strategies of the two presidents towards Vietnam, and not the achievement or disappointment of Johnsonââ¬â¢s policies.Part B: Summary of EvidenceKennedyââ¬â¢s Foreign arrangement 1961-1963: Committed the U.S to the Vietnam strife, because of his help for control and the domino hypothesis Increased U.S. military guides from under 700 men in January 1961 to 16,000 men by November 1963 Financed an expansion in the South Vietnamese armed force from 150,000 to 170,000 men Launched publicity and political exercises to dishonor the Viet Cong Drafted the NSAM 273, asserting to keep supporting South Vietnam Lyndon B. Johnson becomes president â⬠1963:à Also backings regulation and the domino theoryà Pledges to proceed Kennedyââ¬â¢s international strategy concerning Vietnam and to work with Kennedyââ¬â¢s previous guides Approves NS AM 273Johnson in 1964: Encounters numerous challenges and absence of progress mostly because of a befuddled and incapable government in South Vietnam Realizes the tremendous duty expected to win the war.à Needs a reason to transparently assault North Vietnam and not lose his races in 1964 Is ready to misuse the Tonkin occurrence of August 1964 and to blame it: Convinces congress to pass the Tonkin Resolution on August seventh giving him full position and a limitless ticket to ride to take up arms against North Vietnam Uses this goals to Americanize the war in Vietnam.This goals set the contrast among Johnsonââ¬â¢s and Kennedyââ¬â¢s international strategies The Tonkin Resolution in 1964 caused Johnsonââ¬â¢s Foreign arrangement to change: Johnson was currently ready to send somewhere in the range of 25,000 American battle troops to Vietnam before the finish of 1964 Operation Rolling Thunder beginning in the spring of 1965 likewise rose up out of this goals: It was a continuo us besieging effort and elevated attacks against North Vietnam.This activity additionally exhibited Johnsonââ¬â¢s a lot more noteworthy military responsibility to Vietnam than Kennedyââ¬â¢s, demonstrating It was the main supported U.S. military activity in Vietnam Johnson at long last chose for an open-finished military promise to Vietnam in 1965 Johnson was prepared to offer whatever military help expected to win the war This in the long run prompted the United States submitting in excess of 500,000 American soldiers to Vietnam.Par C: Evaluation of Sources:The two sources that will be assessed are Vietnam: Explaining Americaââ¬â¢s Lost War by Gary Hess and An Album of the Vietnam War by Don Lawson, on the grounds that they show alternate points of view on how the American international strategy created towards Vietnam.The starting point of the main content Vietnam: Explaining Americaââ¬â¢s Lost War is a recorded book and an optional source that breaks down the U.S disap pointment in the Vietnam War. The reason for this content is to dissect the eight stages that extended the American promise to South Vietnam, beginning with the Kennedy administration.The estimation of this source is that it gives the perusers a decent diagram on the international strategies of both Johnson and Kennedy, explicitly expressing the significant choices of every president. It likewise features all the significant occasions that prompted any adjustments in the American international strategy towards Vietnam. Notwithstanding, a confinement is that it doesn't really expound and it doesn't associate the international strategies of the two presidents, but instead manages them separately.The starting point of the second content An Album of the Vietnam War is a recorded book and furthermore an optional source, endeavoring to clarify Johnsonââ¬â¢s international strategy on Vietnam and how this affected the U.S. inclusion. The reason for this source is to clarify how Johnson a bused his capacity through the Tonkin Resolution, and how this caused an a lot greater inclusion and duty in Vietnam. In contrast to the main source, this one concentrates much more on the Tonkin Resolution and sets it as the defining moment in the American contribution in Vietnam, expressing that this occasion was the establishment for additional involvement.The esteem is that the perusers can see and comprehend why Johnson and his counselors went about as they did, and how they defended their choices. The mainâ limitation is that it for all intents and purposes just arrangements with Johnsonââ¬â¢s activities and scarcely interfaces with the past international strategies of Kennedy. The diagram of Johnsonââ¬â¢s international strategy is likewise very constrained, since the spotlight is fundamentally set on the Tonkin Resolution, where the various occasions are expressed according to it and not independently.Part D: AnalysisDuring his administration from 1961 until 1963, John F. Kennedy submitted the U.S. into the Vietnamese clash. Being a solid supporter of the ââ¬Å"Domino Theoryâ⬠, and a solid adherent to regulation, he made a point to help the South Vietnamese government against the socialist North Vietnam. In his administration Kennedy had the option to enormously expand the military help and subsidizing for South Vietnam. Beginning with less than ââ¬Å"700 men in January 1961â⬠, he had the option to build the U.S. military faculty to ââ¬Å"16,000 by November 1963â⬠. His international strategy likewise caused to back an expansion in the size of the South Vietnamese armed force from ââ¬Å"150,000 to 17000â⬠. Also, publicity and political exercises where propelled with the reason for ââ¬Å"discrediting the Viet Cong and building support for the Saigon governmentâ⬠. Anyway after his death in November of 1963, the circumstance changed.Just two hours after Kennedyââ¬â¢s passing in 1963, Lyndon Baines Johnson was introduc ed as the U.S. President. Be that as it may, a large number of Kennedyââ¬â¢s guides firmly bolstered the possibility of ââ¬Å"emphasizing coherence with Kennedyââ¬â¢s policiesâ⬠1. Johnson unexpectedly turning into the American President ââ¬Å"asked the Kennedy group to stay with himâ⬠2. Johnson, similar to Kennedy, was a solid supporter of regulation and accepted that the U.S. primary international strategy ought to be to stop socialist development. A few days after Kennedyââ¬â¢s passing, Johnson endorsed ââ¬Å"NSAM 273â⬠3, a record drafted during Kennedyââ¬â¢s administration, which insisted the American pledge to help South Vietnam.Just like Kennedy, who was resolved to seek after the battle against Communism around the world and promising to ââ¬Å"pay any value, bear any burdenâ⬠4, so was Johnson resolved to achieve his predecessorââ¬â¢s goals expressing: ââ¬Å"let us continueâ⬠5 in Vietnam. Thusly, it is nothing unexpected that ââ¬Å" Johnson swore to complete the arrangements of the Kennedy administrationâ⬠6. Anyway Johnson before long understood that the new legislature of South Vietnam7 appeared to be confounded and inadequate and that striking moves must be made in Vietnam since the contention has arrived at a phase of ââ¬Å"definitive crisisâ⬠8. Be that as it may, Johnson would not like to chance his achievement in the up and coming decisions in 1964, and required a valid justification to straightforwardly assault North Vietnam.The Tonkin Incident ââ¬Å"of August 1964â⬠offered him this chance. This ââ¬Å"murky crisisâ⬠, where an assault on an American destroyer war revealed, gave Johnson the chance of persuading congress to pass the ââ¬Å"Tonkin Gulf Resolution on August 7â⬠, giving Johnson full power to take every single essential measure, including the ââ¬Å"use of furnished power to help South Vietnamâ⬠9. This goals conveyed the premise of Americaââ¬â¢s more profound association during Johnsonââ¬â¢s Presidency. This likewise set the contrast among Johnsonââ¬â¢s and Kennedyââ¬â¢s international strategies, since with this goals Johnson had the option to ââ¬Å"Americanizeâ⬠the war in Vietnam. Up until this occasion Johnsonââ¬â¢s international strategy was very like Kennedyââ¬â¢s, though after the goals his new international strategies extended the U.S. association in Vietnam to an a lot bigger degree. As of now not long after this goals the impacts could be seen, since quick increments in military help were requested, causing: ââ¬Å"some 25,000 American battle troops in Vietnam by 1964â⬠10. Moreover, by the ââ¬Å"spring of 1965â⬠11 there were consistent American flying strikes on North Vietnam, which was a piece of an activity called ââ¬Å"Rolling Thunderâ⬠12. Johnson and his counsels extraordinarily upheld this activity in the desire for harming ââ¬Å"North Vietnamââ¬â¢s war-production framework and its lines of supplyâ⬠13. This activity which rose up out of the Tonkin goals likewise set Johnsonââ¬â¢s international strategy separated from Kennedyââ¬â¢s. It was the ââ¬Å"first continued U.S. military activity in Vietnamâ⬠, which showed Johnsonââ¬â¢s a lot more prominent military responsibility to Vietnam then Kennedyââ¬â¢s, whose international strategy at the time did exclude or plan such an activity. This pattern of constantly sending an ever increasing number of American soldiers proceeded, which can be unmistakably observed when
Saturday, July 11, 2020
Why Do I Need an Outline For College Research Paper?
Why Do I Need an Outline For College Research Paper?Why do I need an outline for college research paper? Is there any need for an outline? Does it really mean that you need to be writing down everything about a certain topic? To answer these questions and many others, you have to know more about your research paper.If you are going to write a research paper on certain topics, it is important to have some idea of what to write down. You have to understand the theme or direction you want to take in writing the paper. An outline for college research paper can help you find the proper direction. However, an outline for college research paper is not needed for every paper you will write.An outline for college research paper can be a guide for you in order to find the right direction to go in writing the paper. The outline can also provide you with specific guidelines when you are writing down the specific ideas. This can be useful if you need to come up with some ideas that may not come n aturally. You will need to follow the outlines. This way you will not leave out any information or have your outline become too long.An outline for college research paper can help you from going off on a tangent. It can also make writing down the notes and ideas easier. For example, a summary on one part of the paper can help you give that section a greater meaning. Therefore, when you write the summary you can keep it shorter to only focus on one aspect of the paper.Writing an outline for college research paper can also be useful for others to follow. An outline for college research paper is not necessary for writing another paper on the same topic. If you need to make your first paper the outline for college research paper, you can include other ideas in other parts of the research paper. Itwill also provide you with a guideline on how to divide the different papers that you will write. Once you get into the writing phase, you will know that you will not forget anything.In the wri ting phase, you will also know that you will not go overboard and make your paper too long. When you make notes, you may need to write down a few things that you may have forgotten. Also, the outline for college research paper can be helpful if you have not already researched about the topic. The outline will provide you with the information you need in order to write down accurate data about the topic.Writing an outline for college research paper can also be useful for others who may be reading your paper. An outline for college research paper can be used as a guide in the writing process. You will be able to write down the key points and important information that you want to include in your paper. By writing down this information, you will be able to skip any information that you may not have considered. When this happens, you will be able to avoid any problems and writing errors.Writing an outline for college research paper can be used as a guiding tool. After all, it is not req uired for writing the paper. However, it can be helpful in making sure that your paper does not lose information. The main purpose of writing the outline is to give you information to add to your research paper.
Thursday, July 2, 2020
Main Messages Of Thomas Morers Utopia - Free Essay Example
Thomas Morers, Utopia, examines the fundamental ways in which a society works and maintains itself. Utopia exposes the insanity and evils of Morers society by painting an alternative, the ideal society. There was a time and place in England where the wealthy were extravagant and the poor were worse than poor. The rich were getting richer and the poor were getting poorer. Under the ruling of King Henry VII, there was an enormous gap between the wealthy and the poor. Majority of the people where homeless and poverty stricken. Then came the ideal society which uses rational thought alone in political, religious practices, and in society. The Utopian political structure was revolutionary compared to any of Europes. Decisions were made to benefit everyone in the Utopian society. There was no such thing as financial superiority since Utopia, had no form of money. Values were placed on human life rather than possessions. Through Utopia, More illustrates a fantasy, an alternative way of living for the people. Utopian society, portrays a nation based on rational thought. Utopians believe that human life is of a higher value than that of material possessions. For example, in the conversation with the lawyer and Hythloday, the lawyer praises English laws for hanging of thieves. Hythloday answers, It seems to me a very unjust thing to take away a manrs life for a little money, for nothing in the world can be of equal value with a manrs life (More, ebook). Hythloday states that the capital punishment in which England is enforcing is too harsh and theft should not be the cause of the death penalty, and death will not stop a person from stealing in order to provide food for their family. In regards, they should find other options to punish these people because it will only eliminate crime not the criminals. Hythloday offers other options like making sure everyone has enough to eat which goes in hand with the Utopian policies in which everyone has and shares everything, not one citizen in Utopia has more or less than someone else everything is shared equally. Because of this no citizen of Utopia will suffer or ever be short of utilities, food etc. Utopians believe in equality and it is one of the many things that sets it apart from England. In addition, Utopian society has eliminated wealth, Utopians do not believe in financial superiority therefore, there is no form of money. Since wealth does not exist neither does private property, Utopians have established communal property instead. Hythloday states, as long as there is any property, and while money is the standard of all other things, I cannot think that a nation can be governed either justly or happily (More, ebook). Hythloday states that since there is no private property wealth does no exist which is one of the main reasons why the civilians of Utopia have happiness. Where there is private property happiness among the people will not exist and more problems will arise among the society. But since Utopia is an establishment of communal property, the civilians do not care about being rich. Therefore, greed does not exist and people will not have to worry about financial issues, which will lead to no greed or corruption in the society and everyone will be happy. As stated before, Utopia is not like any other civilization they do not believe in social classes and hierarchies. Every citizen of Utopia is equal and works the same amount of hours and lives in identical houses so no one feels higher than others. As Hythloday described it, yet they do not wear themselves out as if they were beasts of burdenbut they, dividing the day and night into twenty-four hours, appoint six of these for work, three of which are before dinner and three after go to bed and sleep eight hours (More, Ebook). Unlike England, Utopia follows this schedule rigorously. Utopians do not believe that human beings should exhaust themselves over laborious work so everyone splits up their work to help one another not only to benefit their society, but to help their neighbors and people from their community because that will help their community prosper. Unlike England, where the poor tend to work many hours of harsh work and still not make enough or any money at all, while the rich and wealthy barely work and still have tons of money left over. That is exactly what the Utopians do not want to happen in their society which is why they do not believe in social classes and hierarchies. In the Utopian civilization everyone helps one another and contributes to their community which in all helps it grow, and leaves no room for beggers or for people to be homeless. However, the same cannot be said towards England. In addition, Utopia is tolerant of many religions however they are all similar in that they all believe in one God. All the religions practice tolerance of one another which keeps the peace in Utopia. Religions are able to try to convert others into their own faith only by means that they do it quietly and politely. If the person denies conversion that religion is not allowed to attack other religions or cause violence of any sort. One believe that Utopians do not accept is atheism because it is seen as immoral. Utopians believe that if one was atheist that person would act selfishly and would seek physical and mental pleasures which could disrupt the peace. One similarity exists between Utopian religion, Calvinism, and Lutheranism and that is faith. For example Utopians believe, the soul of man is immortal, and that Godtherefore, appointed rewards for good and virtuous actions, and punishments for vice, to be distributed after this life (More, Ebook). Utopians have faith in the afterlife in which God will punish the bad and reward the good. No matter what religion they all have faith in one god. Calvinism and Lutheranism both believe in justification by faith only. However, all Utopian, Calvinism and Lutheranism differ, but are similar in that they do not accept atheism. For example, in the article John Calvin: On Predestination Calvin states, Whence we infer, that they who know not themselves to be Gods peculiar people will be tortured with continual anxiety (Calvin, 1). Calvin states those who do not believe in the word of god, salvation, or in an afterlife will live in torture. In addition, the article The Tower Experience, 1519 Lu ther states, The justice of God is revealed in it, as it is written: The just person lives by faith.' the justice of God is that by which the just person lives by a gift of God, that is by faith (Luther, 1). Luther states, that God will forgive us if one has faith. Once again stating the justification of faith that all three; Utopians, Calvinism, and Lutheranism have in common. There are some people in England who would not approve of a society like Utopia. Due to the fact that Utopia abolished some of the things that England people take pride in. For example, Utopia eliminated money from their society and private property. Clearly, in Europe the rich are very prideful when it comes to money and their private property so a society like Utopia would not suit them or benefit them in any way. Another important aspect about Utopia is that they centralize the common good of all in their community, not just the private. Utopians like to see everyone in their community prosper, not just one group of individuals like England. In that matter, people like the King, the Pope, and the wealthy would not agree or accept Morers model state. This group of people belong to the upper class, have tons of money, and power in their society. A society with the rules and values of Utopia would not suit them due to the fact that Utopia believes in equality. In England, the rich get richer and the poor seem to get poorer. People like the King and wealthy seem to benefit from the poor, so they would not want to see or be in a place where their just as equal as someone who is poor. Not to include the fact that if the wealthy including the King, were to live in a society like Utopia their power and riches would be nonexistent because one Utopia abolished money, social classes, and hierarchies;three things that people in England take pride in. In conclusion, a society like Utopia would not benefit them, theyll end up losing everything they prioritize. Since they wont be able to get richer nor have people to make them richer e verything and everyone would be equal.
Wednesday, May 20, 2020
12 Types of Questions in Casablanca
To illustrate the various ways that questions can be framed in English, here are 12 memorable exchanges from the classic film Casablanca. In Casablanca, at the beginning of the flashback scene in Paris, Humphrey Bogart pops open a bottle of champagne and then immediately pops a few questions to Ingrid Bergman: Rick: Who are you really? And what were you before? What did you do and what did you think? Huh?Ilsa: We said no questions. Despite that pledge, the dialogue in Casablanca is full of questions ââ¬â some of them answered, many of them not. With apologies to the screenwriters (Julius Epstein, Philip Epstein, Howard Koch, and Casey Robinson), Ive plucked 12 of these exchanges out of context to illustrate the various ways that questions can be framed in English. To learn more about any of these interrogative strategies, follow the links to our Glossary of Grammatical and Rhetorical Terms. Wh- QuestionsAs the name suggests, a wh- question is one thats formed with an interrogative word (what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, or how) and that allows an open-ended answer ââ¬â something other than yes or no.Annina: Msieur Rick, what kind of man is Captain Renault?Rick: Oh, hes just like any other man, only more so.Annina: No, I mean, is he trustworthy? Is his word . . .Rick: Now, just a minute. Who told you to ask me that?Annina: He did. Captain Renault did.Rick: I thought so. Wheres your husband?Annina: At the roulette table, trying to win enough for our exit visa. Of course, hes losing.Rick: How long have you been married?Annina: Eight weeks. . . .Yes-No QuestionsAnother aptly named interrogative construction, the yes-no question invites the listener to choose between only two possible answers.Laszlo: Ilsa, I . . .Ilsa: Yes?Laszlo: When I was in the concentration camp, were you lonely in Paris?Ilsa: Yes, Victor, I was.Laszlo: I know how it is to be lonely. Is there anything you wish to tell me?Ilsa: No, Victor, there isnt.Declarative QuestionsAs Rick demonstrates, a declarative question is a yes-no question that has the form of a declarative sentence but is spoken with rising intonation at the end.Ilsa: Richard, I had to see you.Rick: You use Richard again? Were back in Paris.Ilsa: Please.Rick: Your unexpected visit isnt connected by any chance with the letters of transit? It seems as long as I have those letters Ill never be lonely.Tag QuestionsA tag question (like Ricks wouldnt it?) is a question thats added to a declarative sentence, usually at the end, to engage the listener, verify that something has been understood, or confirm that an action has taken place.Rick: Louis, Ill make a deal with you. Instead of this petty charge you have against him, you can get something really big, something that would chuck him in a concentration camp for years. That would be quite a feather in your cap, wouldnt it?Renault: It certainly would. Ger many . . . Vichy would be grateful.Alternative QuestionsAn alternative question (which typically ends with a falling intonation) offers the listener a closed choice between two answers.Ilsa: After Major Strassers warning tonight, I am frightened.Laszlo: To tell you the truth, I am frightened, too. Shall I remain here in our hotel room hiding, or shall I carry on the best I can?Ilsa: Whatever Id say, youd carry on.Echo QuestionsAn echo question (such as Ilsas Occupied France?) is a type of direct question that repeats part or all of something which someone else has just said.Ilsa: This morning you implied that it was not safe for him to leave Casablanca.Strasser: That is also true, except for one destination, to return to occupied France.Ilsa: Occupied France?Strasser: Uh huh. Under a safe conduct from me.Embedded QuestionsTypically introduced by a phrase such as Could you tell me . . ., Do you know . . ., or (as in this example) I wonder . . ., an embedded question is a question tha t shows up inside a declarative statement or another question.Laszlo: Msieur Blaine, I wonder if I could talk to you?Rick: Go ahead.WhimperativesA blend of whimper and imperative, the term whimperative refers to the conversational convention of casting an imperative statement in question form to convey a request without causing offense.Ilsa: Will you ask the piano player to come over here, please?Waiter: Very well, Mademoiselle.Leading QuestionsIn courtroom dramas, attorneys usually object if the opposing counsel asks a leading question-- a question that contains (or at least implies) its own answer. In this example, Laszlo is actually interpreting Ricks motives, not questioning them.Laszlo: Isnt it strange that you always happened to be fighting on the side of the underdog?Rick: Yes. I found that a very expensive hobby.HypophoraHere, both Rick and Laszlo employ the rhetorical strategy of hypophora, by which a speaker raises a question and then immediately answers it himself.Laszlo: If we stop fighting our enemies, the world will die.Rick: What of it? Then itll be out of its misery.Laszlo: You know how you sound, Msieur Blaine? Like a man whos trying to convince himself of something he doesnt believe in his heart. Each of us has a destiny, for good or for evil.Rhetorical QuestionsA rhetorical question is one thats asked merely for effect with no answer expected. Presumably the answer is obvious.Ilsa: I know how you feel about me, but Im asking you to put your feelings aside for something more important.Rick: Do I have to hear again what a great man your husband is? What an important cause hes fighting for?Commoration In an effort to shake Rick out of his grim mood, Sam employs another rhetorical strategy, emphasizing an idea (in this case, a whimperative) by repeating it several times in different ways. Sam: Boss. Boss! Rick: Yeah? Sam: Boss, aint you going to bed? Rick: Not right now. Sam: Aint you planning on going to bed in the near future? Rick: No. Sam: You ever going to bed? Rick: No. Sam: Well, I aint sleepy either. At this point, if we were in class, I might ask if anyone had any questions. But Ive learned a lesson from Captain Renault: Serves me right for asking a direct question. The subject is closed. Heres looking at you, kids.
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